How to profoundly change the beliefs of the polytheists during the age of revelation from the denial of the Prophet (pbuh) to the certainty of his Message and the acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. The order of verses about prophecy based on the order of revelation is the reason to lead a transformative process and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing the belief of prophecy in the lives of Arabs. In the first stage, the Holy Quran in the first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared the community from the motivational side to accept the truth of the Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating the key issues surrounding it. The Holy Book of Quran at the time of the emergence of oppositions and doubts (the second stage) destroyed the arguments of the polytheists and explained the prophecy and proved its authenticity from a cognitive perspective in the second stage by presenting clear arguments. and the Holy Book of Quran in the third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill the goals of the Massage by explaining the true position of the Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize the Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for the Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on the acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

In this paper, an analytical model has been developed for modeling high velocity impact on ceramic/nanocomposite targets. In this model, penetration resistance of ceramic is determined based on cavity expansion analysis and variables during perforation of projectile onto ceramic are considered.Also, the force of ceramic-composite interface is modified. Ballistic performance of the ceramic/composite target is investigated with addition and dispersion of nano particles of zirconia (ZrO2) in the matrix of back up composite. Ballistic impact tests were performed to validate the analytical predictions. These tests were performed by firing 10 mm steel flat ended projectile onto ceramic/composite target. Front layer is alumina ceramic and composite laminates of back up made of E-glass/epoxy with and without nano-zirconia particle of 5 wt%. The effect of nano-zirconia dispersion in the matrix for different failure modes is discussed. Experimental results revealed an improvement in the ballistic performance of samples with nano-zirconia particle. The analytical predictions of ballistic limit velocity and residual velocity of projectile are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.

Rosa hybrida is a perennial plant that after cut off head of the stem, lateral buds become free from apical dominance and begin to growth. In each new period of growth, new and young leaves can be formed. The four leaf samples were numbered from apex to base, showing young to mature leaf stages and some biochemical pigment markers changes were studied. The results suggest that during maturation, in addition to morphological differences, some physiological and biochemical markers are change. Data showed age dependent increase in the amount of pigments such as chlorophylls and carotenoids to reach the stage of leaf maturity to improve the leaf photosynthetic system efficiency. Gradually reducing in content of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and flavonoids suggest reduction on oxidative damage.

Urban wastewater is characterized by microbial contamination and a substantial quantity of suspended solids. Many existing municipal treatment facilities are unable to adequately process these wastewaters, resulting in only partial removal of pollutants. Implementing an effective method for the comprehensive treatment of wastewater from urban facilities for industrial applications is a viable solution to conserve water resources. This study employed a combination of coagulation and membrane filtration processes to treat the wastewater from Sahand town, with coagulation serving as a preliminary treatment and membrane filtration as the final treatment stage. Polyaluminum chloride and polyacrylamide were utilized as coagulants during the coagulation phase, while a microporous membrane was employed in the filtration phase. The findings indicated that the turbidity of the town's wastewater decreased from 129 NTU to 0.7 NTU following the hybrid treatment process, and the microbial load was entirely eliminated. Although there was a reduction in membrane flux, direct washing restored the performance, increasing the flux back to the initial value of 1500 L.m-2.h-1. The significant reduction in turbidity and microbial load to acceptable levels, coupled with the stability of membrane performance, suggests that the combined treatment approach is an effective method for treating urban wastewater for industrial use and for mitigating water wastage.

The presence of lignin and its degraded products such as tannin and humic acids is the main reason causing the aerobically-treated palm oil mill effluent (AT-POME) to display colour at the point of discharge. In this work, a hybrid method is employed to treat the AT-POME sample that was conventionally treated by biological method. This hybrid method that combines coagulation and nanofiltration (NF) membrane is used to treat the industrial effluent in which the coagulation is conducted prior to NF process. The effects of several variables during coagulation process, i. e., alum concentration, decolouring polymer dosage, cationic polymer dosage and pH on the colour removal and sludge volume production are investigated in order to determine optimum variable conditions for NF process. Under the optimum coagulation conditions (50 mg/L alum, 441 mg/L decolouring polymer, 534 mg/L cationic polymer and pH 9. 2), the results showed 92% colour removal with sludge volume as low as 4. 1 mL. Further treatment using commercial NF membranes indicated that a permeate sample with complete elimination of colour (almost 100% removal) could be produced with reasonably high water flux.

Selecting the right alternatives to efficient use of available resources has always been considered by managers. Supplier selection is especially important because it has a direct impact on the performance and profitability of an organization. Green supply chain management as an environmental innovation with the integration of environmental thinking and supply chain management is a necessity for today’s humans. The purpose of this study is to determine the criteria of green supplier selection in an automotive group and supplier selection based on the extracted criteria. Decision making criteria were identified through literature review, interaction with experts and using the Delphi method. These criteria include green design, green purchasing, green production, green transportation, environmental accountability, environmental management system, and pollution control. Then a new group voting analytical hierarchy process was designed and used to select a green supplier in Saipa. The research experts were consisted of thirty persons of supervisors, production managers and senior managers in Saipa Company. The results of the implementation of the new group voting analytical hierarchy process showed that by obtaining less information from experts and in a shorter time than other decision-making methods, acceptable results can be achieved.

Selecting the right alternatives to efficient use of available resources has always been considered by managers. Supplier selection is especially important because it has a direct impact on the performance and profitability of an organization. Green supply chain management as an environmental innovation with the integration of environmental thinking and supply chain management is a necessity for today’, s humans. The purpose of this study is to determine the criteria of green supplier selection in an automotive group and supplier selection based on the extracted criteria. Decision making criteria were identified through literature review, interaction with experts and using the Delphi method. These criteria include green design, green purchasing, green production, green transportation, environmental accountability, environmental management system, and pollution control. Then a new group voting analytical hierarchy process was designed and used to select a green supplier in Saipa. The research experts were consisted of thirty persons of supervisors, production managers and senior managers in Saipa Company. The results of the implementation of the new group voting analytical hierarchy process showed that by obtaining less information from experts and in a shorter time than other decision-making methods, acceptable results can be achieved.

The abrasive flow machining technique uses a self-deforming tool, an abrasive laden media that is passed back and forth in the passage geometry of the hollow workpiece with the assistance of two hydraulically operated cylinders placed opposite to each other. The material is removed by abrasion generating finer surfaces in the area where flow is restricted. But this method has a low material removal rate. As the time passed, various variants of AFM have been developed by different researchers to increase the productivity and improve the surface finish. Thus a combination of AFM and its process variants were developed to increase material removal rate and surface finish. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in the process variants of AFM and the respective media.